Museum of Art Essay Example for Free

Museum of Art EssayAfter visiting the Raleigh Museum of Art, I discovered two pics that conjured up enemy feelings that I will comp are and contrast. The painting I the likes ofd most was titled, Jungle Camp, 2000 an Acrylic on canvas 72 x 60 in. (182. 9 x 152. 4 cm), from one of North Carolinas most respected mechanics, Maud Gatewood. Her paintings record the varied experiences of a wandering life. Writing on the back of the canvas, the artist notes the origins of this picture Trapped in the Amazon with a bad leg. Confined to a hut, she made the most of the opportunity.The second painting titled, Venice without water, by North Carolinas artist Donald sultan was the painting I truly disliked because of the feelings it provoked. Sultans painting from 1990 was an acrylic painting and measured 96 x96 inches in dimension. Sultan used Butyl rubber, acrylic paint, and plaster on vinyl composite tiles, which were mounted on four Masonite panels. Both painting represent landscapes captured by the artists eyes or through a photograph. These paintings gave me two strong, but opposite, feelings joy and sadness.I will describe the protestences and contrast these two works of art. The two pieces of art works harbour several differences in style. First, the shape in the painting, jungle camp, is rectangular while the second painting is square. The choice and use of color in the two paintings are completely opposite. Since color is most important to me, I chose the jungle camp painting due to the variety of bright colors that pop from canvas. The painting from Mrs. Gatewood is colorful, which gave me a feeling of joy and warmth. However, Sultan decided to use contrast instead of colors in his painting.Thus, Sultans painting is filled with different tones of grey, black, or sinlessness. Gatewoods painting represents a jungles view from a patio or balcony. I can see t altogether palm trees all stuck to each other in her painting, which gives the impression of abund ance and fertility. She chooses many different variations of green. For example, she utilizes certain hues of light green to create an effect of sun reflection. There are two types of curtains on the patio, hanging on a fine line. The first is really colorful, a mix of tropical color, and the second is like a white veil, which you can see trough it.The mix of materials and colors for the curtains, added to the jungle, procures me a sense of evasion, vacation, and relaxation. I was drawn to the atmosphere of serenity and tropic jumbled together, which is the reason that this painting evoked my interest. However, Sultans painting is the exact opposite of abundance and excursion. The whole artwork is quite dark and sad. Its a representation of the long-familiar Rialtos bridge, which is an infrastructure between to planes. The first plane is an illustration of woods pillars, which surround the Venetian canals they are use by the gondoliers to park their legitimate dinghy.The second pla ne is the bridge it looks pretty scary and dark with no one crossing it. The final plane, which is the background, consists of some Venetians buildings. These buildings pretend a line that converges towards the bridge which helps my eyes focus on the main subject the bridge. Sultans painting does not reflect the Venice that I saying five years ago. When I think about my trip to Venice, I have an enriched memory filled with bright colors from the Carnival. I remember promising colors on all the masks, costumes, life, and crawl of people.Sultans artwork doesnt have any of my souvenirs. Instead, the painting is more like a glowering version of the beautiful city, Venice. Although I do not like this particular outlook of Venice, I realized after studying his painting that the artist is expressing his environmental point of view of the city, which I completely agree with. As an admirer of this city, I feel concerned by the environmental issue depicted in the painting. The notion tha t the excess of tourism could be destructive to a fragile city like Venice is a valid concern.The artist conveys his dismay over the deteriorating environment with the unused mooring posts, the dry canal bed of mud-like tar, and the melancholy mood of the painting. I think that colors or tonalities are the essence of the painting, like the rhythm and tunes are for music. In my view colors are strongly subjective, they can have different psychologist effects and symbolists significations, they can differ from a culture to another associating Black with mourning is normal, in our occidental countries, while in Asia its the actual opposite, White. In my case the colors are the main cause, on what I think is pretty or not.

Response to a Staging of Jack Heifner’s “Vanities” Essay Example for Free

Response to a Staging of Jack Heifners Vanities EssayI considered the performance an enjoyable one. In other words, I commend the actors and the whole production for doing well. The closeness of Heifners masterpiece is really close to what it happening in reality. On the part of the actors, I noticed that the actors were a little nervous during the beginning. They appeared to be a little tensed. But as the play progressed, the actors seemed to be acquire into momentum.This made the actors initially guilty of being actors on and off stage. It would be helpful to the actors if they would put into practice what Hagen said about the beginning be in character while waiting to go on (Hagen 97-100). This would give them a headstart so everything flows smoothly. Kathys monologue was good. It seemed like the actor had rehearsed it a lot.Although, Hagen might ease up a problem with that because the audience could see that she practiced it, meaning the audience could see an act she did in real life which was rehearsing. As Hagen puts it its a monologue if you are alone talking to yourself, if you talk to the audience, its a duologue. (120) Well, Nobody is perfect and criticism promotes growth so I might as well say it. Something seemed to be lacking in some portions of the play. As if the acting was fluctuating at times.Maybe this is because the actors did not genuinely experienced being a cheerleader or a teacher. But I must give it to them for they had managed to constrain their true selves from acting like the people they are off stage. It should be considered that the actors are still young and have much to learn. After all, even oscar winners would find it challenging to follow all of Uta Hagens acting tips. name CitedHagen, Uta. Respect for Acting. NY Wiley Publishing Inc. 1973

Strategic Decision Making Case Study: Zara

Strategic Decision Making Case Study ZaraIntroductionZARA is the brand of the Spanish retail group, INDITEX SA. Its one of the well cognize performers in a retail market place in recent age its livestocks rotter now be found in the most important shopping districts of more than four hundred ci bring togethers in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. With year-on-year sales increasing at around 25% over the last 5 years, it has become one of the worlds fastest growing retailers (Lopez, 2009).Task 2Strategic decisionA strategic decision is what is thought to be a long-term investment and which is helpful in changing the direction of affair undergoing in any organization. Such a decision can be a lot risky as the market changes very rapidly further if it turns out to be successful it give a competitive advantage over its competitors. The decision will be made by the top direct management in a company and the circumstancesholders will be consulted for that (Harris,1998).Exampl eFor taking an eccentric of a strategic decision we can take a look at their running(a) with a design driven strategy, they produce nearly 11000 styles per year which performer that they produce around 1000 hot styles all month which is managed by a squad consist of experts in design and development fields of over 200 people. This means that every member of the team on average is producing around 60 styles a year. As a result of that in zara stores a customer can always find a customer can always find new and latest harvest-tides. This comes out to be a successful strategic decision in order to remove the competitive edge and amplyer profits in the market (Machuca, 2005).Tactical decisionThe second type of decision is called tactical decision make. Such a decision may be made by a group of managers only if the shareholders are not form-to doe with in it as it is a median(a) term decision and have a lesser effect then a strategic decision. The result of such(prenomina l) a decision can be seen within a period of less than a year or so and it has no contribution in changing the direction of the line of credit. (McKinne)ExampleAn example of such a decision is Zaras unique court to advertising and marketing. It an additional factor within their business type which adds a lot to their success. They spend 0.3% of measure revenues on advertising and marketing. This percentage is very less as compared to the competitors in their markets as on average companies like GAP and HM spend about 3-4 % of their fall revenue for the similar expense this shows that Zara is successfully maintain a cost advantage to their competitors in marketing activities. For completing with its peers successfully Zara uses different effective locations, store layouts and the life cycle of its products as an effective marketing tool. they open their stores in primes markets to get the maximum visibility. And as mentioned earlier their product are in stores for a very small period of time which provokes the customer to visit time and again and make a rapid decision about purchase as they might not get that product again when they visit the store even next day. Zara also spend heavily to the layout of their stores each store is remolded after every five years to keep up with the current trends (Gallaugher, 2008)Operational decisionsOperational decisions are those which are made on regular foothold the effects of such decisions are often minimal and usually do not last for more than a week of so these decisions are more often than not done by staff and do not require much of an fear by the top level management (Harris, 1998).ExampleThe example of such a decisions at Zara is its Centralized Logistics and Distribution they have maintain a control and have optimized their supply chain very effectively at galore(postnominal) different levels. Within a week there are two orders or prescribes specific days and hours with usually prepared overnight shipme nts in La Coruna. (Felipe et al., 2010)There are specific times for trucks to leave and shipments to arrive at stores, the garments are pre-hung, already labeled and priced even those which are set by air. As a result of this clearly defined rhythm, not on the supply chain works smoothly but also the customers know the time and days to visit the stores to get the fresh arrivals and new designs. It is very interesting to know that where in industry a standard time of 6 months has to get the product from sketch to store Zara does this in a remarkable short time of just 2 weeks (Vitzthum, 2001)Task 3Information needed for decision makingFollowing is the explanation of the type of information required for strategic and tactical decision making. Human intelligence such as information from store managers and market research and information technology such as PDA devices are being use in order to form a hybrid model for flow of information from where houses to stores. Manager present at Za ra stores use hand handheld device to send the standardized information about the feedback by customers and fiat needs directly to in house designers. This not only support and helps in making strategic decisions along with the rapidly changing trends and customers demand but also make the company be aware about the merchandise which is less desirable. The competitors of Zara completely rely on information technology which the unique approach being use by Zara makes them manage their inventories well helps them create a link between demand and supply and also helps in controls the problems occurring due to archaic merchandise.For supporting the operational decisions Information from the distribution centers and from the exertion facilities, gives a better view to the manager of a certain store about the availability of garments at the stores this also helps in adjusting their orders and passing on information needed by the customer. (123HelpMe.com, 2010)Task 4Competitors intellig enceThe competitive intelligence is a process of monitor the activities of rivals in market. It helps to know about competitors plans and review the own strategies for taking successful decisions (Arik, 2010).Main competitors of Zara are HM and Gap. HM OPENS its distribution centers in the region it has its stores in order to cut down the lead time and transportation cost. It also heavily investing in advertisement which helps them cater large market coat and capture attention of a lot of customers worldwide. Another risk which is reported to the Inditex group it works by reinvesting all its profits in opening new stores HM is Sweden based retailer that spent heavily in advertising and is a close competitor of Zara. HM opens its distribution center in the plain of its operations so as to cut down on lead time and transportation cost. (Pankaj and Jose, 2006)The process which id adopted by Zara of amazeing the market information is very different from its competitors. Many of them studyly rely on small elite design teams that plan all the needs of the business. Their stores have a very little familiarity in deciding which products they should out in display or which to go for sale because the quantities and planned and shipped according to the forecasts. Where the speed of Zara in product development is farthest better than anyone in the market (123HelpMe.com, 2010).When it comes to Strategic Partnerships and Cost of Production Most of Zaras competitors have 100% outsourcing to cheap Asian countries. Zara does not use Asian outsourcing unalike its competitors such as Gap, Benetton, and HM and 80% of Zaras materials are manufactured in Europe with 50% made in Zara controlled facilities in the Galicia region of Spain . The cost of production in Spain is 17-20% more expensive than Asia this gives a cost advantage to it competitors in regard to labor and expands their market worldwide (123HelpMe.com, 2010).The information and communication technologies being u sed by the competitors of Zara are quite different the cost spent by Zara in this regard is less than 0.5% of its total revenue and the it employees account for about 0.5% of Zaras total workforce. And if we take a look at its competitors they spend on average 2% of their total revenue on it expenditures and have 2.5% of their total workforce give to it. Which certainly makes their working far better in these areas? This is the global age and these gimmicks are demand of the time so Zara should pay some more attention to it both financially and strategically (123HelpMe.com, 2010).Task 5Importance of Business-To-Business for ZaraBusiness to business commerce is a form of E-commerce involving business to business transactions, servicing customers, working with other businesses and the exchanging of products or services. B2B opens up a global market at little cost, reduces the costs of sales and promotions and can increase demand. This term specifically defines the electronic collabor ation among different enterprisers. The B2B is a lot more important for Zara to promote its business activities at a larger level and to cater a bigger market. It makes sure the world about the about the presence of variety of products available in its stores. Zara is even new to e-commerce as it launched it website in 2009 (Alisa, 2009).As compared to its competitors Zara is offering cheaper place and a good quality product that is why many dealers would want to make a purchase to save their expenditure on high prices designers vesture of same quality. This will also give the benefit of saving time and money because after taking the order the product may be delivered to the opening step of the customer. And other e-commerce retailers who are involved with fashion will be looking carefully to what Zaras online store can bring to online shoppers. The pace of which your ordinary high street stores are moving online and developing e-commerce solutions is set to lead to a more inten sified competition for online sales, and more focused e-commerce marketing strategies. (DeltaQuest, 2010)Canada and mainland mainland China Cybercrime and Crypto up-to-datenessCanada and China Cybercrime and CryptocurrencyBitcoin, Cyber-crime, Cryptocurrency, Canada, China.Cyber-crime is a byproduct of the information age and is growing very fast worldwide (FBI, 2017). As technology has advanced so have the criminals methods to exploit the internet. Cyber-crime can be described as the use of a computer, a entanglement or other electronic device to facilitate a crime, Interpol makes a mark between two types of cyber-crime (INTERPOL, 2017)Advanced cyber-crime attacks on computer software or hardwareCyber-enabled crime financial crimes, crimes against children and terrorism are more prevalent since the accounting entry of the internet.These types of crime in the past would have been likely to be conducted by small groups or even individuals, but new trends according to Interpol sh ow nonionised criminal gangs worldwide have embraced technology to further their profits be it from illegal gambling, sale of fake goods, theft, fraud etc.Since 2009 the criminals now have a new realistic currency also labelled as a cryptocurrency called Bitcoin which is used by many to conduct transactions on what has become known as the dark web. The dark web can only be accessed through encryption software and this area of the internet is largely un-policed and users can inhabit anonymous. The anonymity is an ideal scenario for the criminal to work in.This paper will discuss firstly the give a brief overview of cyber-crime and the origins of bitcoin in more detail. Secondly how this electronic currency technology is being used for legal and illegal purposes. And lastly how political sciences around the globe are trying to regulate this electronic currency, with a major focus on the Canadian government and handbill C-31.Criminality is nothing new it has been part of lives for centuries, crime as such has not changed over the years only the tools used to carry them out have developed. Criminals have learned to use technology to hide themselves in the shadows and use technology to further profit. The biggest technical advancement in the last thirty years has been the internet. The internet has revolutionized our lives in so many ways from ease of communications, e-commerce to the large wealth of knowledge on line. Cyber-crime comes in many forms but it is primarily aimed at computers, computer infrastructure and other connected devices. With the large spread of the internet and smartphones, now nearly 3.2 gazillion people on the planet have access to the internet (ITU, 2015).It increases the pool of people that criminals have access to. When this is compared to decades ago when computers were only used by government agencies, research and financial institutes, crime in this area was limited to those who had the expertise and access to these devices (Cloug h, 2015). Now a small group can conduct crimes on a global scale without the restrictions of physical location to perform the crime.Bitcoin is an electronic virtual currency that allows users to conduct transactions between themselves (peer to peer) over an electronic network without the need for a third party namely a financial institution (Nakamoto 2008). Bitcoin was released in January 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto which there is little known about as this was an alias used by the inventor (Powers 2014).The Bitcoin software is open source and in order to use the currency a user must obtain a wallet, there are two common types of wallets. eldestly the software wallet and the secondly the mobile wallet (Bitcoin 2017). The software wallet is mostly stored on a users hard drive, with the mobile wallet being stored on mobile devices such as android phones, IOS phones and tablets, giving the user the flexibility of have a currency attached to a mobile device.These wallets contain both a pu blic and private key, the public key is what a user will share with other Bitcoin users in order to have them send bitcoins over the internet, whereas the private key is used by the owner of the bitcoins to make payments from the wallet (Miller 2015).The back chock up of this cryptocurrency is the public ledger called the blockchain, this ledger records who owns what bitcoins and records transactions that take place. No one controls or owns the blockchain its all in the public domain. Transactions on the blockchain cant be reversed, the blockchain is only written too and are confirmed by the peer to peer network. Nakamoto has placed a limit of just under 21 billion bitcoins, once that limit is reached, no more bitcoins can be made.Bitcoin is viewed as being the electronic equivalent of cash, as no financial institutes are involved no personal information is required when creating a personal wallet or purchasing Bitcoins. This anonymity has drawn scrutiny from some sectors to Bitco in because some criminals have adopted the currency instead of conducting business in more traditional financial ways (Miller 2015).Just like any currency, Bitcoin can be used to purchase many of the everyday things in life the same way that we use traditional cash or credit cards. You can transfer Bitcoin to relatives, gift to charity, and this was what Bitcoin was created for to be a replacement for current systems. The first Bitcoin ATM was opened in Vancouver, Canada in 2013. In its first week of operation, the ATM performed over 10,000 supreme transactions with a third of users being first time Bitcoin buyers (Wagner 2013).Across the world, entire city areas are accepting this cryptocurrency Bitcoin as payment for a cast off of goods and services. In the Germany City of Berlin, the borough of Kreuzberg, has the highest number of businesses accepting Bitcoin on the planet. This is expanding across the globe because every day more and more businesses are authorizing Bitcoin as a means of payment (Small 2015).Kirkpatrick (2017) refers to an interview with David Decary-Hetu, an adjunct professor of criminology at the University of Montreal, There are many helpful and legal reasons for having bitcoin, Decary-Hetu says, noting that large established companies such as dell Computer, Expedia, Microsoft, and PayPal, each accept bitcoin, and are clearly not dealing in illegal goods.Small (2015) stated the total market value of the Bitcoin currency is shortly estimated at slightly below $7.6 billion. The main argument for the regulation of virtual currencies and Bitcoin is that because of the anonymity offered to the buyer of such currencies, criminals have advantage over police force makers and law enforcement.This anonymity helps obscure the identities of those purchasing drugs, money laundering, illegal paraphernalia and terrorist financing with the use of Bitcoin. Kirkpatrick (2017) again in his interview with Decary-Hetu says There is no way to tie your ide ntity to your online bitcoin wallet address, if you do it properly, noting that when users try to convert cryptocurrencies to traditional money they may lose that anonymity. Thats where sloppy people are going to get arrested.ChinaIn China, the government banned Bitcoin in December 2013. The Peoples Bank of China does not give Bitcoin any legal status, refuses to recognize it as a currency, and has misgivings about Bitcoin as a central authority does not regulate it (Ponsford 2015). This was not always the case as in May 2013, the Chinese government unofficially gave its blessing to the currency when the government sponsored a documentary that was shown on state television to inform the public about Bitcoin (Small 2015).Because of the interest that came from the documentary, a surge of Chinese clients downloaded Bitcoin software, more than any other country for the last seven months of 2013. Before the ban, China accounted for the most Bitcoin exchanges and as a result Bitcoins val ue plummeted nearly 20 percent in a single day after the announcement (Small 2015).CanadaIn Canada, the government in 2014 stated that Bitcoin was not legal tender. The government only did state that it was a payment system (George-Cosh 2014) and as such should be taxed as a commodity when Bitcoin is exchanged for Canadian currency.Canada was the first jurisdiction in the world to pass concrete legislative measures to deal with Bitcoin and other virtual currencies. Bill C-31 was passed into law in June 2014, which made reporting requirements on the use of virtual currencies like Bitcoin. These measures are similar in nature to regulations on other financial transactions in the country.Bill C-31 made it law that Bitcoin be adjust as a money services business, requiring users to register with the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC). These Bitcoin regulations would apply to both domestic and international Bitcoin operators (Ponsford 2015).The summa ry of Bill C-31 stated (in part)Division 19 of Part 6 amends the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act to, among other things, enhance the client identification, record tutelage and registration requirements for financial institutions and intermediaries, refer to online casinos, and extend the application of the Act to persons and entities that deal in virtual currencies and unlike money services businesses emphasis added.Legislation that specifically modify the definition of money services business stated (4) If subsection 256(2) comes into force, then on the latter of January 1, 2015 and the day on which that subsection comes into force,money services business means an entity(a)(iv) dealing in virtual currencies, as defined by regulationOther legislative provisions incorporated virtual currency language, including foreign businesses directing services at a Canadian person or entity. This legislation has had effects on Bitcoin use in Canada, because fi rstly it regulates virtual currency as a money service business secondly imposes registration with FINTRAC to combat money laundering and terrorist financing thirdly extends to both users inside and removed of the jurisdiction, or services within Canada fourthly prevents banks from dealing with unregistered users (Ponsford 2015).Referencesbitcoin.org (2017). procurable https//bitcoin.org/en/choose-your-wallet. Last accessed 18/03/2017.Calumn Jeffrey and Tobias Feakin. (2015). Ungerground web. ASPI Special Report. March 2015.Daniel Miller. (2015). Bitcoin explained the digital currency making millionaires. Available http//www.abc.net.au/news/2013-12-02/bitcoins-the-digital-currency-explained/5119034. Last accessed 19/03/2017.David George-Cosh. (2014). Canada Says Bitcoin Isnt Legal Tender. Available http//blogs.wsj.com/canadarealtime/2014/01/16/canada-says-bitcoin-isnt-legal-tender/. Last accessed 12/03/2017.Dr. Mike McGuire (University of Surrey) and Samantha Dowling (Home Office Science). (2013). Cyber-dependent crimes. Cyber crime A review of the evidence. p4-p5.FBI. (unknown). What we Investigate. Available https//www.fbi.gov/investigate/cyber. Last accessed 16/02/2017.Jeffery Powers. (2014). January 3, 2009 Bitcoin Introduced, 1983 Computer Machine of the Year. Available http//dayintechhistory.com/dith/january-3-2009-bitcoin-introduced-1983-computer-machine-year/. Last accessed 19/03/2017.Jonathan Clough (2015). Principles of Cybercrime. 2nd ed. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. p6.Keith Kirkpatrick. (2017). Financing the Dark Web . Communications of the ACM. 60 (3), p21-p22. supranational cyber security protection alliance. (2012). Detailed Findings. Impact of cyber crime on businesses in Canada. ICSPA (4),p3, p16.INTERPOL. (2017). Cybercrime. Available https//www.interpol.int/Crime-areas/Cybercrime/Cybercrime. Last accessed 18/02/2017.International Telecommunication Union. (2015). ICT revolution and remaining gaps. ICT Facts and Figures 2015, p1.K urt Wagner. (2013). Worlds First Bitcoin ATM Opens In Vancouver, Canada. Available http//mashable.com/2013/10/30/bitcoin-atm-2/HUU2o4zadsq7. Last accessed 18/03/2017.Matthew P. Ponsford . (2015). A Comparative Analysis of Bitcoin and Other Decentralised Virtual Currencies Legal formula in the Peoples Republic of China, Canada, and the United States . Hong Kong Journal of Legal Studies Volume 9 (2015) . p51-p70.Satoshi Nakamoto. (2008). Bitcoin A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.Stephen Small. (2015). BITCOIN THE NAPSTER OF CURRENCY. HOUSTON JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. 37 (2), p585-p640.

Definition Of The Four Factors Of Production Commerce Essay

Definition Of The Four Factors Of Production Commerce EssayNatural Resources sometimes called land consists of all the gifts of nature. This includes mineral deposits, water, arable land, vegetation, natural forests, marine resources, the atmosphere, sunlight and animal life. They atomic number 18 a fixed supply. If we want more of them, their availability bathroom non be enlarged. It is possible to exploit some of the resources, for example, minerals. Once the minerals ar used, they cannot be replaced. stab is defined as the exercise of human mental and physical effort in the wareion of goods and operate, where humans are rewarded in the form of an income. The quality of labor movement is dep ends on the size of the population and the portion that is able and willing to work. The quality of labour, which is described by the skill, cognition and health of the workers, is deductionant.Capital is make up of fabricate resources, such as machines, tools and buildings which are used in the increaseion of some other goods and services. It is those tangible things that are used to produce other things. These resources do not convey an unlimited life.Entrepreneurship is the availability of natural resources, labour and capital is not sufficient to go everywhere economic success. These factors of production concord to be organised by populate who see opportunity and are willing to take risks to producing the goods, believing that they will be sold. These deal are called entrepreneurs. They are the driving force behind the production. They are the innovators, the initiators, who take initiative. They believe that their ideas will own a profit.2.1 The Four Factors of Production in the Economy2.1.1 Natural ResourcesTo improve the use natural resources we can fulfill regulations to protect the natural resources like forests which will increase touristry shape up farming to bewilder vegetables and fruit the investment to improve the technology to mine minerals and meet ways to improve the usage of our natural resources.2.1.2 LabourThe labour regulations restrict entrepreneurship, enable political sympathies sponsor, enable employment, regulate minimum wage, hold on standards of working conditions, and ensure safety conditions.2.1.3 CapitalWe can gain foreign investment, investments in infrastructure to enhance production easier, for example road maintenance and encourage of loans for young short letteres.2.1.4 EntrepreneurshipTo encourage entrepreneurship the change can start in schools whereby economics can be introduced as grapheme of the curriculum, encourage businesses to contain open days for students to learn how the business works, develop and affirm tools that enhance entrepreneurship.2.2 The Four Factors of Production in our Organisation2.2.1 Natural ResourcesFor the establishment, on that point are no natural resources that are used.2.2.2 LabourEmploying individuals who get the qualifications, the menta l effort, knowledge and brain power, to fit the presidencys culture and values will enhance the business. Training will empower and enhance the employees to do their job effectively. BankSeta assists in improve and up-skilling employees in the pecuniary sector. It is important to taking care of the well- world of the employees for example, having a canteen for employees where the food is easily accessible and safe and time to go and buy lunch and to ensure employees get the relevant training so that they are efficient in their job. at that place are two types of physical energies in the organisation Sales and Admin. Sales bring in the business so the Admin can do their job. The organisation is reliant on guests for the business to grow. Admin run the day-by-day admin and they are dependant on the external energy.2.2.3 CapitalIn the previous premises, the parking was not easily accessible, the building could not accommodate all the employees, there were not enough working stat ions and the technology was not up to standard. In the new building the technology and software have been upgraded. The organisation requests to ensure that the systems are suitable for the Banking sector. Suitable working stations are installed, which will enhance the well-being and working environment of the employees. The building and meeting dwell have been built to enhance the clientele and interaction with clients. The building projects the organisations values and culture. The organisations brand and reputation has been built on RMB and it continues to build its reputation through its client services.2.2.4 EntrepreneurshipThe organisation encourages innovations. There is an innovations blog where employees can submit their ideas to management where all ideas are taking in consideration. The organisation is flat structured and open think Managers are open to their employees and provide constant feedback. Employees are empowered and encouraged to take control of their own maturement. Employees live and believe in the organisations values and culture. The organisation is developing self sustaining systems. The organisation is current implementing the care and growth model which is focused on caring and growing the employees as individuals.3. The South Africa Foreign art (Imports and Exports)In this section of the assignment, I refer to the Trade Report October 2009 submitted.The canonic indicators section indicates the trade per capita which is the estimated trade of goods and services over the last triad days based on the population. The GDP is measured in nominal terms and with market trade rates. The trade-to-GDP ratio is the estimated trade of goods and services over the last three years based on the GDP. The real GDP are exports and import of goods and services of data at constant outlays. The ranks in the world trade of production and services are defined as members as individual traders and as one trader. In my perspective the percen tage drop from 2007-2008 was from the Wall Street financial fall in 2008, which tingeed the percentage drop from 2007-2008 of exporting of goods and services. As we had the FICA and KYC regulations in place, this protected us. The percentage drop from 2007-2008 of importing of goods and services, in my opinion, reflected the fact that the importers were being cautious and they were concerned that the locals wouldnt have the funds to buy goods and services. Consumer happening per household decreased.The merchandise trade is broken up into three sections Agricultural products, Fuels and mining product and Manufactures. In my opinion the percentage drop from 2007-2008 of merchandise exports was caused by the financial fall of Wall Street. The merchandise imports percentage from 2007-2008 stayed constant. For South Africa, I feel that we have not been as make believeed as much as other countries. The country felt the recession in 2009. Exporting and Importing ofAgriculture which con sists of edged materials and foods such as vegetables, fruit, maize, sugar. In my opinion we export the best grade of our food and sell the rest to the locals. This increases the production of GDP and the economy. We should increase our export of agriculture. We import fewer foods and products into the country.Fuels and mining products which consists of other minerals, fuel and ores and non-ferrous metals. In my opinion we should not export that much. This should decrease. We should rather increase our skills and knowledge so that we can export the end product. This would increase our GDP and the economy. For example, gold we export most of our raw gold and import the end product because we do not have the skills and knowledge to make the jewellery. The constant decrease and increase of fuel prices affects the economy and people spend. The percentage of imports, in my opinion, is acceptable as this keeps the balance of the economic production levels.Manufactures which refers to ste el, iron, chemicals, other semi-manufactures, machinery, conveyancing equipment, textiles, clothing and other consumer goods. In my opinion the percentage of exports should decrease as the country should use these materials to build the economy of the country. In building the status of our country, this would increase our economic growth. For example, building houses. The exporting keeps our foreign exchange inline with other countries. If the exporting decreases, the importing will decrease. In some instances, it is better to import the parts to be assembled locally than to import the end product. For example, in the Operations, Implementation Management and Sustainability, the lecturer gave an example of a company who publishd on overall costs by importing the parts and assembling it locally instead of importing the end product. South Africa has very innovative people and we should start believing in what we have. When government or investors do not see the potential of the inno vative ideas, the innovators end up selling their ideas to other countries and end up importing the end product. We should spend more time in investing in these innovative ideas as this will increase our economic growth.Commercial Services Trade, which refers to construction, finance, computer, insurance, communication, cultural and recreational services, information, other businesses, royalties and other fees. In my opinion the percentage of exports and imports indicates that there is a lack of interest, interaction and investment in South Africa from other countries.Transportation in my opinion the percentage of exports is acceptable. The percentage of imports indicates that we lack the skills and knowledge to sustain our transportation.Travel the percentage of exports indicates that locals prefer to travel to other countries instead of our own. We should improve our tourism locally to encourage the locals and foreigners to explore South Africa. This country has so much to offer .Other commercial services in my opinion the percentage is acceptable.We are losing people who have the skills and knowledge in industries like medicine, engineering, technology and construction to other countries. We should be retaining these skills to build a better country. We should be investing in developing in our people, empowering them so that they have pride in themselves and are proud of their country, so they can make it a better place to live.4. The Banking Sector, Organisation, Department and IThe organisation forms part of the banking sector. The banking sector is linked to economic growth through enhancing the access to financial services, and increasing competitiveness of domestic financial markets both of which reduce the costs of financing. The basic role that the banking sector plays in the process of transferring savings to borrowers is risk sharing, providing liquidity, information and improving efficiency. If the financial markets are well developed, they imp rove the availability of funds to animation borrowers and channel the funds to where the rates of returns are higher. Positive effects like this can increase the economic growth by larger capital accretion with lower cost of financing and increased efficiency. But in some countries, the financial markets are not developed and market failures exist everywhere.By improving the access to financial services and the efficiency of financial go-between, which can reduce the cost of financing the banking sector, stimulates capital accumulation and economic growth.The role of money replaced the handicraft system. Each person could trade whatever he or she produced for one common thing. Money means a set of common prices can be established. Money is a medium of exchange between individuals and a way to distribute the ownership in society. It is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts. Money is used for everyday spending and saving for the future. Saving money for future use is to ensure that the values of the savings do not decrease but increase overtime by through investments and earning of interest. Money helps our economy to work more smoothly, it has three key rolesA medium of exchangeA unit of account or a standard of valueA store of value for future useThe characteristics of moneyDurablenot easily produced by peopleRelatively scarceNot too scarceEasily transportedDivisibleThe organisation needs to ensure that their products are inline with their competitors and maintain the supply of money and borrowing from clients.The Learning Solutions (LS) Department is in the process of be orgasm a self-sustaining system. We are working well together and have the akin focus and goals. At our yearly meeting, we discuss the past year what we have accomplished, what obstacles we came across, how we can improve, what changes we would like to see and what our focus and goals will be for the coming year.We had looked at the functions of the Human Resources (HR) discussion section and determined that there were common areas and functions that the HR department had. The LS department was a closed system and had no interconnections with them. The HR department have three subsystems namely, People stupefyment, Administration and saucy Recruits. The overlapping of work areas are the new recruits and the people development. Changes needed to be made.The changes that HR department madeAdministration is an open and closed system, they have confidential information that should not be shared with other employees (salaries and medical aid) and the employees submit general administration / queriesNew Recruits is an open and closed system, they too have confidential information that should not be shared with other employees (agreements between the Bank and employee) and information about the new recruits will be shared with the LS departmentPeople Development is an open and closed system, they have a good relationship with all t he managers and know where employee development is required and this information will be shared with the LS departmentThe changes that the LS department madeDevelop a open relationship with the New Recruits teamDevelop a open relationship with the People Development teamIn making these changes we are enabling the growth of knowledge and empowerment in the employees. The employees are enabled to be efficient at their job. In being efficient and knowledgeable, they will enhance the growth of our clients and their investments which will assist the growth of the economy.Each individual contributes to the economy. How can I contribute to the economy? I need to understand my financial status and increase my wealth. I need to determine what money I save and invest for the future and invest in my country. I need to sustain my knowledge and personal growth. I need to be aware of the countrys financial status. I need to balance my needs with the available resources.5. Inflation Consumer Habi ts and BehaviourThe definition of inflation is the rise in prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When price levels rise, the unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. It is an erosion of the purchasing power of money. Inflation occurs when the price increase of goods and services are recorded over a period of time. The general price level is measured by the Consumer Price Index.As the price levels rise, the consumer habits and behaviour are affected. Consumer behaviour is the study of when, why, how and where people do or do not buy goods and services. It is about understanding the consumers buying decision-making process in an attempt to understand peoples wants. Habitual patterns of spending that consumers have over a period of time are the best thing that can happen to a brand. For this to happen there are two conditions that need to satisfy the consumer the brand in question must fall into a product category that elicits a low level of involvem ent from the consumer when considering purchasing the product and the consumer becomes a satisfied customer when buying the product the brand should deliver on what was promised. For the brand to be a part of the consumers habit, the critical requirement is the auction pitch of value on the first purchase.Inflation occurs when the demand for goods and services increase and the supply remains unchanged or the increase of cost of production which pushes up the price level. How does this affect the consumer? It is dependant on the affordability of the consumer. For example, in the beginning of the year 2008 I bought 6 chocolate muffins at Woolworths for R10.99. In 2009, the costs had increased to R24.99 for the same product. Due to the price increase, I no longer buy the chocolate muffins.6. Microeconomics and MacroeconomicsMicroeconomics is the study of how household and organisations make decision to allocate limited resources. It examines the behaviour affect of the supply and dem and of the goods and services which determines the prices which in turn determine the supply and demand of the goods and services.Macroeconomics deals with the performance, structure and behaviour of the entire world. It looks at indicators such as GDP, unemployment rates, price indexes to understand the whole economy functions.If the micro and macro economical performance was sustainably improved, the changes to the consumer behaviour would beFor MicroOur environment would be more stableThere would be overall well-being and enjoyment in individuals, less stressDepending on the individuals mindset, there would be more investment and spendingThe wealth of individuals would growDecrease in crimeDecrease in immigration of individualsIncrease of skilled individualsDownfall is that there would be overspending and more debtFor MacroThe economy would be more liquidThere would be a growth in external investorsThe country would be more productive and innovativeIncrease of tourismIncrease of entrepreneurship and resourcesIncrease of the well being of the countryDecrease of poverty7. ConclusionEach one of us on an individual level has an affect on the economy, which affects the organisation, which affects the country. If the organisation wants to grow they need to have good leadership skills and delivery of goods and services. In my opinion the improvement of the economy starts with oneself. I have a good understanding of my own finances and how I can increase my wealth. I have realised that I need to improve my understanding of my organisation and how it affects the economy of the country. I need to improve my understanding of the economy of the country.

Assessment Aims in Science Lessons

estimation Aims in intelligence LessonsDiscuss, evaluate and reflect upon the designings of judging for instruction in essential perception, and consider strategies that may be leaseed to identify childrens strengths and weaknesses. Show how sagacity tuition foundation be used to monitor childrens progress in scholarship, and inform and commence prize educational activity and learn.IntroductionScience became a core subject for primordial schools in 1989 with the introduction of the National broadcast. ancient Science has a freehanded agenda, an measurable element of which is the development of scientific literacy in the population (Howe et al., 2005, p.5), the scientific mind that should be part of e veryones education. Teachers stomach a responsibility to hold back that childrens haves in primary science atomic number 18 collateral ones so that more children will undertake post primary science subjects. Assessment for learning, an important element of pri mary science, has come to prominence in educational policy because of its perceived potential to underpin lifelong learning (Black et al., 2006, p.120). Described as a article of belief strategy of very high leverage (Howe, 2004, cited in Marshall Drummond, 2006, p.133), judgment for learning allows teachers to track pupil learning and progress and plan quality teaching using appropriate strategies.Aims of Primary Science TeachingChildren have many ideas ab proscribed the world and how it works ahead they come to school and experience science in the context of their everyday lives, for example most children will have some knowledge close plants and animals, or will understand that a lolly melts. The most important aim of primary science is to foster childrens appreciation of the world around us, to encourage a close honoring of our physical environment, and to develop an understanding of how different aspects of it are related (Howe et al., 2005, p.6).Views about science have changed in recent decades with a recognition that transmission modes for teaching in science are non appropriate (Gray Bryce, 2006, p.171). A take a leakivist view of teaching science has been adopted which recognises that children learn best when they are able to construct new ideas and concepts from existing ones. In order to teach primary science effectively, teachers must have a sound subject knowledge and an appropriate understanding of these constructivist theories (Traianou, 2996, p.828). Key Stage one children, for example, learn a lot about science by play and ideas must be rooted in experiences that are meaningful to them. Effective learning in science can non be facilitated by providing children with facts and information becauseFacts unrelated to concepts that children already have are meaningless and at that placefore of no use to them.Children use their own ideas to construct understanding. While they may be able to recall answers, understanding only evolves out o f their own experience.(Harlen Jelly, 1998, p.26).Science is very much a sour based subject in which learners develop their understanding of things around them by using and ontogenesis bear on skills (Harlen Qualter, 2004, p.133). Effective assessment in science should be reflective of this by being an ongoing process in the classroom.The Primary Science course of studyOne of the principal(prenominal) ideas in the National Curriculum is that of scientific enquiry which is seen as learning about ideas and evidence and three stands of investigative skills planning, obtaining and presenting evidence and evaluating (Howe et al.,2005, p.8). Each strand consists of a number of processes which are to be taught through the subject areas of life processes and living things, materials and their properties and physical processes. A practical approach to learning in science is zippy for primary school children. The teachers grapheme as learning facilitator centres on creating a rich an d stimulating learning environment, allowing children to explore and test their ideas. At every stage in the science process, oral communication skills can be developed to assist the learning of science and vice versa (Sherrington, 1993, p.206).Assessment begins from the beginning and it is useful to hold out science teaching with an activity to find out what children know about a topic before beginning teaching, paying event attention to the language children use..Assessment in ScienceAssessment is a process of deciding, collecting and making inferences or judgements about evidence of childrens learning and skills (Harlen Qualter, 2004, p.121). One of the main conclusions arrived at by the Children Learning in Science Project (CLISP) is the importance of establishing whether children have any misconceptions about scientific concepts and addressing these before moving on. Effective assessment is therefore crucial for primary science as pre-conceived ideas can have an adverse eff ect on learning. there are two main areas in assessment, formative and summative. Formative assessment, an ongoing process for the teacher, set ups immediate evidence of learning and should be used to inform planning for teaching. Gathering information about learning and giving feedback while it is in progress has been seen as a crucial aspect of teaching since the Task Group on Assessment and Testing (TGAT) address was published in 1988 (MacGilchrist et al., 2006, p.84). It has a number of strengths because of its focus on learners and how they learn.Summative assessment is generally administered to gather evidence of learning at the end of the teaching period. It has often been criticised as failing to take a holistic view of the learner. A comprehensive science programme will incorporate both elements hardly the formative assessment will be of most use to the teacher on a day-to-day basis.The Purposes of AssessmentAssessment is a statutory unavoidableness for teachers. Sectio n 3.2 of the Requirements for Qualifying to Teach has a range of requirements in respect of monitoring and assessment, among them that teachers monitor and assess as they teach, giving immediate and constructive feedback to agree pupils as they learn. They involve pupils in reflecting on, evaluating and improving their own performance (TTA, 2002, p.11).Assessment enables teachers to ascertain how effectively children have been learning in science. It has a number of aims includingTo uphold childrens learning by identifying what they are making good progress with and areas in which they quest further support.To summarise achievements at certain times.(Harlen Qualter, 2004, p.124).This has important implications for primary science teaching in light research suggesting that children have many misconceptions in respect of scientific concepts. Harlen and Jelly have reported that misconceptions in science arise fromAttributing an effect to a particular feature and not having an under standing that a number of factors may be operating.A lack of awareness that there may be more than one explanation.Not understanding science vocabulary.Insufficient opportunity to test ideas and discuss findings.A lack of access to secondary ideas that might provide a better explanation.(Harlen Jelly, 1998, p.24).Effective assessment can address this by being an integral part of activities, with teachers constantly seeking information that enables them to support learning and feature appropriate feedback. The teacher can then diagnose learning responses and needs, and note the progress that is being made (MacGilchrist et al., 2006, p.85). Formative assessment methods have received attention in recent years, being more suited to achieving the goals ofLearning with understandingUnderstanding learninghighlighted by the Assessment domesticise Group as being crucial in the aim to equip learners for a place in a rapidly shrinking world and changing society (Assessment Reform Group, 2 006, p.8).Methods of Assessing Childrens Progress in ScienceA substantial amount of learning in science occurs outside school, being accessed through field trips, zoos, science museums etc. (Braund Reiss, 2006, p.214). Because of this teachers must have a range of ways of gathering evidence to assess pupil learning and understanding and be able to use this as the basis for subsequent teaching.Methods that the teacher can use includeObserving children as they work- the teacher can gauge learning by listening to the ways in which children work their way through an activity, with particular attention to their use of scientific vocabulary. The language used by the children is a very good indicator of their understanding. Open-ended teacher questioning gives children opportunities to express their ideas and develop them. question shows that where correct scientific language is taught, children develop more finished scientific concepts (Sparks-Linfield Warwick, 1998, p.128).Studying c hildrens work in relation to a task drawings, reports and written work. For this to be most effective, it is important that the task requirements are clear. For example, if the aim is to assess childrens understanding of the structure of a flowering plant, it is important that the children are not simply asked to draw a flower, but that the task requires the separate to be labelled or indicated in some way.Administering tests related to the learning activity.Having a plenary session where the children can talk about what they think they have learned from a task or activity.Involving Children in the Assessment ProcessCentral to formative assessment is the idea of involving children in their learning. Black and William found that ego and peer assessment in children as young as five was successful in raising achievement (Black William, 1998). The effectiveness of involving children in the assessment process stems from an understanding that children learn most effectively when they h ave opportunities to build new ideas on existing experiences. For this approach to be successful, it has to be carefully planned for by the teacher. The children need a clear understanding of the learning intentions of a lesson to be able to assess if they have achieved them.The teacher must be very explicit, specially in relation to processes within science. If it is not clear that the learning intention is process based, children tend to focus on their answers rather that the methods used for obtaining them. Harlen Qualter point out that when children understand what they should be doing and how well, they are in a position to share in deciding the next steps to be taken (Harlen Qualter, 2004, p.179). This approach does not suggest a lack of rigour in terms of assessment, the ultimate decisions in the management of which are teacher directed.Assessing Childrens Process SkillsChildren use the process skills they have developed when they engage with tasks. Teacher observation is very important here but it is important for teachers to be aware that some types of behaviour are more indicative of learning than others and to be able to differentiate between them. The teacher needs to consider what would indicate that a child is employing a particular skill, for example observation. In this case the teacher might look for evidence of the child paying attention to detail, really exploring an object. The degree to which a particular skill is being employed will also be different for older and younger children. With younger children it is most important to develop positive attitudes to science and to give children opportunities to be scientists through access to a range of science equipment and to nurture correct use of scientific vocabulary.Using assessment to improve learning in scienceEvidence gathered by the teacher must be used to make judgements regarding the effectiveness of the learning. This process can be enhanced by discussion with the children. Harlen a nd Qualter have identified three reasons for using assessment to help learning in scienceKnowing what ideas learners bring to new experiences and how these ideas develop during their activities is primal to learning through enquiry. Using assessment as part of the teaching means that information can be collected about progress towards goals. If activities provide opportunities for skills, understanding and attitudes to be developed, then they also provide opportunities for these to be assessed and for the information to be used to help learning.Widely accepted theories of learning emphasis the role of learners in constructing their own understanding, the constructivist approach. Formative assessment involves children in recognising where they are in progress towards goals and in the decisions about what their next steps are and how to take them.There is firmly established evidence that when the key components of formative assessment are practised, levels of achievement are raised.( Harlen Qualter, 2004, p.132).Assessing Childrens Ideas in ScienceChildren have many ideas about science when they start school. It is important to establish what these are and plan teaching accordingly. Discussion is extremely important in primary science and teachers must constrain a climate in which children can express ideas with confidence. Keogh and Naylor have pointed out the importance of thisIf we want children to think out loud, to be creative in their thinking and to argue about alternative possibilities, then we need to provide the kind of learning environment in which they feel comfortable to do that. They need to know they can make mistakes or give wrong answers and still feel good about themselves. (Keogh Naylor, 2004, p.18). Scientific language should be introduced when appropriate and in contexts that allow children to develop an awareness of the different meanings that words may have in everyday and scientific contexts.Using Assessment to Inform TeachingChildrens ideas, whether in oral or written form, often give an indication of experience or skills that are lacking. This is an important consideration when planning teaching. When children are displaying a lack of experience, it is necessary to provide experiences for them. For example, organising a trip to the local park to investigate living things. Children often have ideas about science which may not reflect reality and can be difficult to change. In this case it is necessary to scaffold and model alternative explanations for children. It is important that teachers use assessment information and evidence to address any misunderstandings or misconceptions that children may have. The strength of formative approaches to assessment is that difficulties can be addressed in the short term before misconceptions are too well cemented.ConclusionThe Government believes that primary education is aboutChildren experiencing the joy of discovery, solving problems, being creative in writing, art and m usic, developing their confidence as learners and maturing socially and emotionally (DfES, 2003, p.4). Discovery and problem solving are central to science teaching and an effective programme for assessment can be used to facilitate this by enabling teachers to plan and devise lessons accordingly. Research has shown that implementing the essential features of formative assessment in classrooms leads to gains in achievement that are greater than those of equivalent groups where formative assessment is not practised (Harlen Qualter, 2004, 137).Marshall Drummond have pointed out that assessment for learning demands a high degree of plaque in the classroom if it is going to help pupils become independent learners (Marshall Drummond, 2006). It is essential that teachers feel sufficiently confident in respect of subject knowledge pertaining to science and plan interactive lessons for children that mirror the interactive nature of assessment for learning.In science learning children mu st begin with what they know. The teacher must therefore employ a range of strategies for gathering this information and must apply it to subsequent teaching. This can lead to quality teaching and learning in science and to positive experiences for children and their teachers.ReferencesAssessment Reform Group (2006) The Role of Teachers in the Assessment of Learning. retrieved from www.assessment-reform-group.org 18.01.07.Black, P., McCormick, R., James, M. Pedder, D. (2006) Learning how to learn and assessment for learning A theoretical inquiry. Research Papers in Education, 21, 2, 119-132.Black, P. William, D. (1998) Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education, 5, 1, 7-74.Boyle,B. Bragg, J. (2006) A Curriculum Without Foundation. British Educational Research Journal 32,(4), 569-582.Braund, M. Reiss, M. (2006) Validity and Worth in the Science Curriculum Learning School Science Outside the Laboratory. The Curriculum Journal, 17, 3, 213-228.Buldu,M. (2006) Young Childrens Perceptions of Scientists A Preliminary Study. Educational Research, 48, 1, 121-132.Bullock, K. Muschamp, Y. (2006) Learning about learning in the primary school. Cambridge Journal of Education, 36, 1, 49-62.Cameron, L. (2002) Metaphors in the learning of science A discourse focus. British Educational Research Journal. 28, 5, 637-688.Carr, J. J. (1993) The Art of Science A Practical Guide to Experiments, Observations and use Data. San DiegoHighText Publications.Cheney, A., Flavell, H., Harrison, C, Hurst, G. Yates, C. (2002) Thinking Through Science. London John Murray PublishersClarina R.B. Koul, R. (2006) The Effects of Different Forms of Feedback on Fuzzy and Verbatim Memory of Science Principles. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 76, 259-270.Coles, M., Gott, R. Thornley, T. (1988) alert Science Teachers Guide. London Collins Educational.Department For Education and Skills (DfES)(2003) Excellence and Enjoyment. London DfES.Driessen,G., Smit, F. Slegers, P. (2005) Parental Involvement and Educational Achievement. British Educational Research Journal, 31, 4, 509-532.Gray, D.S. Bryce,T. (2006) Socio-Scientific Issues in Science Education Implications for the Professional Development of Teachers. Cambridge Journal of Education. 16, 2, 171-192.Harlen,W. (2001) The Teaching of Science in Primary Schools. London David Fulton Publishers.Harlen, W. Jelly, S. (1998) Developing Science in the Primary Classroom. London Longman.Harlen, W. Qualter, A. (2004)(4th edition) The Teaching of Science in Primary Schools. London David Fulton Publishers.Hollins, M. Whitby, V. (1999) Progression in Primary Science A Guide to the Nature and Practice in Key Stages 1 and 2. London David Fulton Publishers.Howe, A., Davies, D., McMahon, K., Towler, L. Scott, T. (2005) Science 5-11 A Guide for Teachers. London David Fulton Publishers.Jenkins, E.W. (2006) School science and citizenship Whose science and whose citizenship? The Curriculum Journal, 17, 3, 197 -211.Keogh, B. Naylor, S. (2004) Childrens ideas, childrens feelings. Primary Science Review, 82, 18-20.Kennedy, J. (Ed.) (1997) Primary Science Knowledge and Understanding. LondonRoutledge.Layton, D. (1973) Science for the People The Origins of the School Science Curriculum in England. London Allen and Unwin.Lunn, S. (2002) What We Think We Can Safely swear. Primary Teachers Views on the Nature of Science. British Educational Research Journal, 28, 5, 649-672.MacGilchrist, B., Myers, K. Reed, J. (2006) The Intelligent School. London Sage Publications.Marshall, B. Drummond, M.J. (2006) How teachers engage with assessment for learning lessons from the classroom. Research Papers in Education, 21, 2, 133-149.Mintzes, J.J., Wandersee, J.H. Novak, J.D. (2005) Assessing Science Understanding A Human Constructivist View. San Diego Elsevier Academic Press.OHear, P White,J. (1993) Assessing the National Curriculum. London Paul Chapman.Osborne, R, Freyberg, P. (1991) Learning in Science The Implications of Childrens Science. Auckland Heinemann.Qualifications and Curriculum Authority. (QCA)(2000) Standards at Key Stage 2 English, Mathematics and Science A Report for Headteachers, Class Teachers and Assessment Co-Ordinators on the 2000 National Curriculum Assessments for 11 year Olds.Rubie-Davies, C., Hattie, J. Hamilton, R. (2006) Expecting the Best for Students Teacher Expectation and Academic Outcomes. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 429-444.Sherrington, R. (1993) Science and Language in R. Sherrington (Ed.) ASE Primary Science Teachers Handbook. Hemel Hempstead Simon and Schuster Education.Sparks-Linfield, R. Warwick, P. (1998) Use of Language crossways the Primary Curriculum. London Routledge.Summers, M. (1994) Science in the Primary School The Problem of Teachers Curricular Expertise. The Curriculum Journal, 5, 2, 179-193.Sutton,C. (1992) Words, Science and Learning. Buckingham Open University Press.Task Group on Assessment and Testing (1988) Report. London DES.Teacher Training Agency (TTA) (2002) Qualifying to Teach Professional Standards for Qualified Teacher Status and Requirements for Initial Teacher Training. London TTA.Traianou. A. (2006) Teachers sufficiency of subject knowledge in primary science Assessing constructivist approaches from a socio-cultural perspective. International Journal of Science Education, 28, 8, 827-842.Tymms,P. (2004) Are Standards Rising in English Primary Schools? British Educational Research Journal. 30, 4 ,477-494.Von Secker, C. (2004) Science achievements in social contexts Analysis from National assessment of educational progress. Journal of Educational Research, 98, 2, 67-78.Ziman, J. (2000) Real Science What it is and What it Means. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.

Jerry Garcia And The Grateful Dead Essay examples -- essays research p

Jerry Garcia and The Grateful Dead     Jerome John Garcia was born in 1942, in San Franciscos Mission District.His father, a Spanish immigrant named Jose "Joe" Garcia, had been a jazzclarinetist and Dixieland bandleader in the thirties, and he named his new sonafter his favorite Broadway composer, Jerome Kern. In the spring of 1948, whileon a fishing trip, Garcia saw his father swept to his death by a Californiariver.     After his fathers death, Garcia spent a few years living with hismothers parents, in one of San Franciscos working-class districts. Hisgrandmother had the habit of listening to Nashvilles Grand Ole Opry radiobroadcasts on Saturday nights, and it was in those hours, Garcia would later say,that he developed his fondness for country-music forms-particularly the deft , vapours-inflected mandolin play and mournful, high-lonesome vocal style ofBill Monroe, the principal founder of bluegrass. When Garcia was ten, hismother, Ruth, brought him to live with her at a sailors hotel and bar that sheran near the citys waterfront. He spent much of his time in that location listening tothe drunks, fanciful stories or sitting alone reading Disney and horror comicsand pouring through science-fiction novels.     When Garcia was fifteen, his older brother Tiff - who years earlier had apropos chopped off Jerrys right-hand middle finger while the two werechopping wood - introduced him to early rock & roll and rhythm & blues music.Garcia was quickly drawn to the musics funky rhythms and wild textures, butwhat attracted him the most were the sounds that came from the guitarespecially the bluesy "melifluousness" of players such as T-bone Walker andChuck Berry. It was something he said that he had neer heard before. Garciawanted to learn how to make those same sounds he went straight to his motherand told her that he wanted an electric guitar for his next birthday.      During this same catch, the beat period was going into full swing inthe Bay Area, and it held great predominance at the North Beach arts schoolwhere Garcia attended and at the citys coffeehouses, where he had heard poetslike Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Kenneth Rexroth read their best works.     By the early... ...80, a year after leaving theband and Brent Myland, of a morphine and cocaine o.d. in 1990 neverreally took away from the Deads momentum as a live act.     After the 1986 summer shows with Bob Dylan and Tom Petty and theHeartbreakers, Garcia passed out at his home in San Rafael, California, andslipped into a diabetic coma. His body was not agreeing with all the years ofroad-life and medicate abuse. When he came out of the coma the Dead made a tributesong to growing old gracefully and bravely, "Touch of Grey."     Unfortunately, though, Garcias health was going nowhere but downhill,and according to som e people so was his drug problem. He collapsed fromexhaustion in 1992, resulting in many cancellations in their tour that year.After his 1993 recovery, Garcia devoted himself to a regimen of diet andexercise. At first it worked and he wound up losing sixty pounds. There wereother positive changes at work He had become a father again in late yearsand was spending more time as a parent, and in 1994 he entered into his thirdmarriage, with filmmaker Deborah Koons. Plus, to the pleasure of numerousDeadheads

Sex Change Complicates Battle Over Child Custody :: Free Essays Online

Sex Change Complicates Battle Over Child Custody Florida estate law does not describe same kindle marriage. In this case, the law had no way of proving whether or not Michael Kantaras is a man or a woman, since having a fe masculine to male sex change. Depending on this, it will decide whether or not he (pending on decision) will be able to storage area custody of his adopted children. If familiarity had not let technology surpass their conventional thinking and laws, this case would be easier to decide, or at least not pending on the sex of Mr./Mrs. Kantaras. If Florida law, and that of other places, had thought about all the consequences of technology, such a case as this never would have come to be so controversial. So, is Michael Kantaras really a man, or is she the woman she was born(p) as?Janice G. Raymond would say that Michael Kantaras is really Margo. She believes that transsexuals can never really relate to the egg-producing(prenominal) effigy and therefore n ever rightfully be a woman. She bases this belief on the idea of male prerogative. This is the privilege that custody receive just for being men they get higher pay, more(prenominal) leadership opportunities, are always seen as more competent, etc. Even though men are born with this privilege and may not draw they have it, they still experience it and have that edge to allow them to advance in society. Because of this, Raymond claims that male to female sex changes cannot bop how it really is to be a woman. They do not realize they have this privilege, but continue to live being dominant because it is inherently within them. light-haired Stone, a male to female transsexual, is angered by Raymonds view. She became a successful employee at Olivia Records, and obtained a head position. Olivia records emerged during the 1970s toward the end of the womens movement in an elbow grease to produce lesbian womens rightist music. It wanted for women to obtain the head positions and dominate the company, so once word got out about Sandy Stones natural born sex, there was much leaning and debate on whether or not to keep her at the head position. Those who believed she should be fired sided with Raymonds view, that having been a male, Stone had an emolument in being brought up to be competitive.Sex Change Complicates Battle Over Child Custody Free Essays OnlineSex Change Complicates Battle Over Child Custody Florida state law does not recognize same sex marriage. In this case, the law had no way of proving whether or not Michael Kantaras is a man or a woman, since having a female to male sex change. Depending on this, it will decide whether or not he (pending on decision) will be able to keep custody of his adopted children. If society had not let technology surpass their conventional thinking and laws, this case would be easier to decide, or at least not pending on the sex of Mr./Mrs. Kantaras. If Florida law, and that of other places, had thoug ht about all the consequences of technology, such a case as this never would have come to be so controversial. So, is Michael Kantaras really a man, or is she the woman she was born as?Janice G. Raymond would say that Michael Kantaras is really Margo. She believes that transsexuals can never really relate to the female persona and therefore never truly be a woman. She bases this belief on the idea of male privilege. This is the privilege that men receive just for being men they get higher pay, more leadership opportunities, are always seen as more competent, etc. Even though men are born with this privilege and may not realize they have it, they still experience it and have that edge to allow them to advance in society. Because of this, Raymond claims that male to female sex changes cannot know how it really is to be a woman. They do not realize they have this privilege, but continue to live being dominant because it is inherently within them.Sandy Stone, a male to female tra nssexual, is angered by Raymonds view. She became a successful employee at Olivia Records, and obtained a head position. Olivia records emerged during the 1970s toward the end of the womens movement in an attempt to produce lesbian feminist music. It wanted for women to obtain the head positions and dominate the company, so once word got out about Sandy Stones natural born sex, there was much controversy and debate on whether or not to keep her at the head position. Those who believed she should be fired sided with Raymonds view, that having been a male, Stone had an advantage in being brought up to be competitive.